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“Socialism with Chinese characteristics" meaning socialism adapted to Chinese conditions, is the official ideology of the Communist Party of China (CPC), claimed to be based upon scientific socialism. This ideology supports the creation of a socialist market economy dominated by the public sector since China is, as claimed by the CPC, in the primary stage of socialism.

The essential difference between Maoism and other forms of Marxism is that Mao claimed that peasants should be the essential revolutionary class in China, because, contrary to their industrial working "comrades", they were more suited to establishing a successful revolution and socialist society in China.

"One country, two systems" is a constitutional principle for the reunification of China during the early 1980s. It suggested that there would be only one China, but distinct Chinese regions such as Hong Kong and Macau could retain their own capitalist economic and political systems, while the rest of China uses the socialist system. Under the principle, each of the two regions could continue to have its own political system, legal, economic and financial affairs, including external relations with foreign countries.

People's war, is a military-political strategy first developed by the Chinese Communist revolutionary and political leader Mao Zedong. The basic concept behind People's War is to maintain the support of the population and draw the enemy deep into the countryside (stretching their supply lines) where the population will bleed them dry through a mix of Mobile Warfare and guerrilla warfare. It was used by the Communists against Imperial Japanese Army in World War II and the Nationalist Government in the Chinese Civil War

China's National Defense in 2004, available at (10.03.2017) https://fas.org/nuke/guide/china/doctrine/natdef2004.html

Shou Xiaosong, New theory of Deng Xiaoping military thought, Military science publishing house, Beijing, 2007, p. 398

China's National Defense in 2006, available at (12.03.2017) http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/book/194421.htm9 China’s Policies on Asia-Pacific Security Cooperation, The State Council Information Office of the People’s Republic of China, First Edition, (January 2017), available at (15.04.2017) http://english.gov.cn/archive/white_paper/2017/01/11/content_281475539078636.htm

Chinese President Xi Jinping - Full Speech at 70th UN General Assembly, available at (09.03.2017) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EHNT8jTTh7s

Си Цзиньпин: мир должен совместно бороться с преступлениями в киберпространстве, (09.03.2017) http://tass.ru/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama/2531424

When Dag Hammarskjöld was appointed Secretary-General of the United Nations on 7 April 1953, there was a full-scale war on the Korean peninsula; the Organization was deeply divided between East and West for resolving all these problems Dag Hammarskjöld created the first armed peacekeeping operation which took place by the UN Emergency Force (UNEF) to address the Suez Crisis.

Chinese Premier Li Keqiang addresses UN General Assembly, available at (09.03.2017) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6ZNTJhEkvY

Cybersecurity law, available at (10.08.2017) http://www.chinalawtranslate.com/cybersecuritydraft/?lang=en

China's Arab Policy Paper, available at (26.06.2017) http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2016-01/13/c_135006619.htm

On September 7, 2013 President Xi Jinping made a speech titled "Promote People-to-People Friendship and Create a Better Future" at Kazakhstan's Nazarbayev University. For the first time the PRC President spoke about "Silk Road". On land - the plan is to build a new Eurasian land bridge and develop the economic corridors of: China-Mongolia-Russia; China-Central Asia-West Asia; China-Indochina peninsula; China-Pakistan; and Bangladesh-China-IndiaMyanmar ... On the seas - the initiative will focus on jointly building smooth, secure and efficient transport routes connecting major sea ports along the belt and road.

Speech by Premier Wen Jiabao of the People's Republic of China at the Seventh ChinaASEAN summit, Bali, (8 October 2003), available at (06.07.2017) http://wcm.fmprc.gov.cn/pub/eng/topics/zgcydyhz/dqc/t27714.htm

Mian Ahmad Naeem Salik, Pakistan and the New Asian Security Concept, Institute of strategic studies, (25 August 2014), available at (06.04.2017) http://issi.org.pk/wpcontent/uploads/2015/04/policy-paper-new-asian-security-11.pdf

China’s Policies on Asia-Pacific Security Cooperation, White paper, The State Council Information Office of the People’s Republic of China, January 2017, available at (25.5.2017) http://english.gov.cn/archive/white_paper/2017/01/11/content_281475539078636.htm

Full text of Hu Jintao's report at 18th Party Congress, available at (16.05.2017) http://www.china-embassy.org/eng/zt/18th_CPC_National_Congress_Eng/t992917.htm

Full video: Opening session of 19th CPC National Congress, available at (18.10.2017) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X3pc3SqK5jI

9 th Berlin conference on Asian security, International dimensions of national (in)security concepts, challenges and ways forward, discussion paper, Renmin university, Beijing, available at (23.04.2017) https://www.swpberlin.org/fileadmin/contents/projects/BCAS2015_Canrong_Jin_Web.pdf

China's National Defense in 2006, available at (27.03.2017) http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/book/194421.htm

China's Military Strategy 2015, available at (14.03.2017) http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2015-05/26/c_134271001_4.htm

H. Jintao, UN: Nuclear weapons, Maxims News Network, (27 September 2009), available at (16.03.2017) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=panhtpUGnuM

Премьер Госсовета КНР Вэнь Цзябао в Канберре выступил с важной речью, Министерство иностранных дел Китайской Народной Республики, available at (03.04.2017) http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/rus/wjdt/zyjh/t244162.shtml

Let History be Guidance to Future: Jointly Building A New Type of Major Country Relationship between China and US is the Historical Trend, Speech at Humphrey School of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota by Consul General Hong Lei, (8 October 2016), available at (12.06.2017) http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjb_663304/ zwjg_665342/zwbd_665378/t1404093.shtml

Trump says China can fix North Korea threat 'quickly and easily' and does not blame Beijing for trade deficit, Independent, available at (09.11.2017) http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/trump-north-korea-chinathreat-no-blame-trade-beijing-xi-jinping-a8045066.html

China Statement on North Korea at UN Security Council, (28 April 2017), available at (18.05.2017) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kzPDl2lVnxA

Wang Yi: China Views Its Relations with Iran from a Strategic Height, (25 May 2017), available at (16.07.2017) http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/t1465855.shtml

International Support for the Iran Nuclear Deal, Arms control Association, available at (05.11.2017) https://www.armscontrol.org/blog/2017-10-25/international-support-iran-nuclear-deal

Chinese president signs deals worth billions on Mideast tour, Channel NewsAsia, (21 January 2016), available at (19.08.2017) http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/ asiapacific/chinese-president-signs-deals-worth-billions-on-mideast-tour-8200546

Xi Jinping signing billion-dollar deals on Middle East tour, Taipai times, (23 January 2016), available at (13.07.2017) http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2016/01/23/2003637847

Turkey supports China in fighting terrorism, News of the Communist party of China, News of the Communist party of China, (4 July 2013), available at (08.09.2017) http://english.cpc.people.com.cn/206972/206974/8310601.html

Turkey-China relations in 2009, World Uyghur congress, (1 January 2010), available at (19.06.2017) http://www.uyghurcongress.org/en/?p=1516

Will Xinjiang Debacle Put Turkish-Chinese Relations at Risk? The Finnish institute of international affairs, (22 September 2009), available at (19.06.2017) http://www.fiia.fi/en /news/728/will_ xinjiang_debacle_put_turkish-chinese_relations_at_risk/

Chinese President Hu Jintao Holds Talks with Turkish President Gul, Consulate general of People's Republic of China in San Francisco, (25 June 2009), available at (15.08.2017) http://www.chinaconsulatesf.org/eng/xw/t570489.htm

Turkey promises to eliminate anti-China media reports, available at (15.09.2017) https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-turkey/turkey-promises-to-eliminate-anti-chinamedia-reports-idUSKBN1AJ1BV

Xi Jinping Attends Opening Ceremony of Sixth Ministerial Conference of China-Arab States Cooperation Forum and Delivers Important Speech Stressing to Promote Silk Road Spirit and Deepen China-Arab Cooperation, MFA China, available at (27.07.2017) http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/t1163554.shtml

President Xi's Speech at Arab League Headquarters: Full Text, (22 January 2016), available at (17.03.2017) http://english.cntv.cn/2016/01/22/ARTIadCQDyVQjG0ADCkR2tcl160122.shtml

Foreign & Commonwealth Office, China in the South Caucasus, (5 June 2014), available at (09.03.2017) https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/china-in-the-south-caucasus

President Erdoğan Goes to China, Presidency of the Republi of China, (12 May 2017), available at (06.07.2017) https://www.tccb.gov.tr/en/news/542/75165/president-erdogan-goesto-china.html

“Interview: Georgia to contribute to Belt and Road Initiative: deputy PM”, Xinhua News Agency, (9 May 2017), available at (16.10.2017) http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2017- 05/09/c_136266698.htm

Государственный визит Президента Сержа Саргсяна в Китайскую народную республику, Президент Республики Армения, официальный сайт, (28 Март 2015), http://www.president.am/ru/foreign-visits/item/2015/03/25/State-visit-of-President-SerzhSargsyan-to-China/

A New Asia-to-Europe Railway Route Is Opening Up, Bloomberg, (29 October 2017), available at (07.11.2017) https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-10-30/azerbaijanto-open-railway-planned-as-new-europe-china-corridor

A New Railway Linking Iran to China via Three Asian Countries, Real Iran, (18 December 2014), available at (14.04.2017) http://realiran.org/new-railway-linking-iran-china-via-three-asian-countries/

China's Policy towards Africa, MFA PRC, (1 January 2004), available at (06.08.2017) http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/ce/ceza/eng/zghfz/zfgx/t165330.htm

China's African Policy, MFA PRC, (20 September 2006), available at (07.08.2017) http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/zflt/eng/zgdfzzc/t481748.htm

Wen Jiabao, China Did Not Exploit One Single Drop of Oil or One Single Ton of Minerals from Africa, (15 September 2011), available at (07.08.2017) http://www.china.com.cn/economic/txt/2011-09/15/content_23419056.htm

L. A. Johnston, Africa, and China’s One Belt, One Road initiative: Why now and what next? ICTSD, (15 September 2016), available at (07.08.2017) https://www.ictsd.org/bridges-news/bridges-africa/news/africa-and-china%E2%80%99sone-belt-one-road-initiative-why-now-and-what

E. Albert, China in Africa, Council on Foreign relations, (12 July 2017), available at (09.08.2017) https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/china-africa

Japan's growing concern over China's naval might, BBC, (28 May 2017), available at (07.11.2017) http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-39918647

The maritime liaison mechanism between Chinese and Japanese defense departments is a consensus reached by the defense leaders of both countries aimed to prevent accidents on the sea and in the air due to misjudgment and enhance bilateral defense and security mutual trust. According to the negotiations, China and Japan should apply this mechanism in the economic sea zone, open sea and the East China Sea ADIZ within 200 nautical miles off their respective coast, which doesn't include the contentious territorial waters and air space of the Diaoyu Islands.

Conference of the States Parties, Report on the implementation of the chemical weapons convention in China, available at (24.07.2017) https://www.opcw.org/fileadmin/OPCW/CSP/RC-2/en/RC-2_NAT.1-EN.pdf

Op. cit., T. Deen, China: 'Pakistan is our Israel', ALJAZEERA, (28 October 2010), available at (28.07.2017) http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2010/10/20101028135728235512.html

F.S. Gady, China and Pakistan air forces launch joint training exercise, The Diplomat, (12 April 2016), available at (26.07.2017) http://thediplomat.com/2016/04/china-and-pakistanair-forces-launch-joint-training-exercise/

Китай-пакистанские отношения, http://ru.knowledgr.com/09562869/КитайпакистанскиеОтношения

The International Institute for Strategic Studies, IISS Fullerton Lecture - India, the United States and China, India’s Foreign Secretary Dr S Jaishankar, available at (24.07.2017) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=et2ihw8jHaY

Diversified employment of China’s armed forces, Information office of the state council, The People’s republic of China, (April 2013), available at (24.03.2017) http://eng.chinamil.com.cn/special-reports/node_59506.htm

China’s Policies on Asia-Pacific Security Cooperation, The State Council Information Office of the People’s Republic of China, (January 2017), available at (19.04.2017) http://english.gov.cn/archive/white_paper/2017/01/11/content_281475539078636.htm

Russia, China agree to integrate Eurasian Union, Silk Road, sign deals, RT, (May 2015), available at (03.11.2017) https://www.rt.com/business/256877-russia-china-dealscooperation/

President Xi Calls for Cooperation between APEC, ASEAN, available at (11.11.2017) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gtaGC0JaIJo

E. Talmadge, Pacific power may shift with Chinese missile, Associated Press, The Washington times, (6 August 2010), available at (19.09.2017) http://www. washingtontimes.com/news/2010/aug/6/pacific-power-may-shift-with-chinese-missile/

A definition of “One China” came out after negotiators from the two sides met in Hong Kong in 1992 and reached a non-written agreement that “there is only one China with each side of the Strait defining the term as it sees fit”. This became known as the “1992 Consensus”. It was not very precise for either side. China’s slogan described the end result after negotiations: a single state of China that had two economic systems. China was concerned with the substance of the outcome, not so much the form of the negotiations. It was offering a compromise that went beyond the Hong Kong formula for a “high degree of autonomy”. Taiwan’s response was to promote the idea of two political entities which were focused on the preconditions and form of the negotiating process. It was concerned more with positioning itself well so it could achieve a higher level of autonomy. Taiwan has been moreconcerned with form and process than substance and nearly all the rhetoric has resulted in delay.

Full video: Opening session of 19th CPC National Congress, available at (18.10.2017) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X3pc3SqK5jI

十九大后 蔡英文吁习近平展现政治智慧 强调两不变两不会, available at (07.11.2017) http://www.chinatimes.com/cn/realtimenews/20171026002213-260407