Transformation of Qatar’s Foreign Policy (1995-2021)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56673/18294502-23.16-112Keywords:
Կատար, արտաքին քաղաքականություն, փափուկ ուժ, ճգնաժամ, անվտանգային համակարգ, ածխաջրածնային ռեսուրսներAbstract
Qatar’s foreign policy has been occasionally adjusted in response to changes in international and regional situations. Since 1995, Qatar has gradually been moving toward a more active and ambitious direction in its foreign policy. The article aims to discuss the prerequisites, goals, and principles of Qatar's modern foreign policy, as well as the main methods and tools through which the country has become one of the key players in the region and an important trade and economic hub.
Amir Hamad's new foreign policy concept aimed to involve the country in geopolitical processes and promote Qatar's international reputation. The “Arab Spring” was a turning point for Qatar's plan to take over influential regional positions. Still, the expectations didn't come true and forced to conduct a more cautious and pragmatic policy to correct the consequences of supporting Islamist movements. Due to constructive foreign policy and rich energy resources, Qatar overcame the crisis in 2017 and turned it into an opportunity to reduce political and economic dependence on neighbouring countries.
References
Дербенев, Андрей Сергеевич. “Катар в конце XX - начале XXI в.: динамика политических процессов.” Вестник Московского университета. Серия 13. Востоковедение, no. 1 (2019): 39-53.
Сенченко, Игорь Петрович. Государство Катар: Отражения во времени. Санкт-Петербург: Алетейя, 2020.
Хайруллин, Тимур Радикович, Коротаев, Андрей Витальевич. “Турецко-катарский альянс в борьбе за региональное лидерство.” в Системный мониторинг глобальных и региональных рисков., ред. Леонид Ефимович Гринин, Андрей Витальевич Коротаев, Кира Владимировна Мещерина, 370-428. Волгоград: Учитель, 2018.
Al-dustūr al-dāi’m li-dawlat Qaṭar, al-māda 7. https://www.gco.gov.qa/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Arabic-Constitution-1.pdf .
“Al-riyāḍa fī dawlat Qaṭar,” Government Communications Office. https://www.gco.gov.qa/ar/focus/sport/
Al-Tamimi, Nawaf, Amin, Azzam, and Zarrinabadi, Nourollah. Qatar’s Nation Branding and Soft Power: Exploring the Effects on National Identity and International Stance. Cham: Springer, 2023.
“Arab states issue 13 demands to end Qatar-Gulf crisis.” AlJazeera, July 12, 2017. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/7/12/arab-states-issue-13-demands-to-end-qatar-gulf-crisis.
Baskan, Birol, and Wright, Steven. “Seeds of Change: Comparing State-Religion Relations in Qatar and Saudi Arabia.” Arab Studies Quarterly 33, no. 2 (Spring 2011): 96–111
Dobbins, James, and Malkasian, Carter. “Time to Negotiate in Afghanistan: How to Talk to the Taliban.” Foreign Affairs 94, no. 4 (2015):53–64.
“Erdogan: Turkey-Qatar military base serves regional ‘stability’.” ALJazeera, November 25, 2019. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/11/25/erdogan-turkey-qatar-military-base-serves-regional-stability.
Fromherz, Allen James. Qatar: A modern history. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2012.
Hanieh, Adam. Money, Markets, and Monarchies :The Gulf Cooperation Council and the Political Economy of the Contemporary Middle East. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2018.
“Ḫiṭāb sumūih bi-munāsabat tawalīh maqālīd al-ḥukm,” Amiri Diwan, June 26, 2013. https://www.diwan.gov.qa/briefing-room/speeches-and-remarks/2013/june/26/the-inaugural-speech-of-hh-the-amir?sc_lang=ar-QA.
“Ḫiṭāb sumūih fī al-dawra al-62 li-lğamai‘at al-‘āma li-l’umam al-muttaḥida,” Amiri Diwan, August 24, 2017, video, 9:42. https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=PPOa8mQiUbs.
ʾIstrātīğīat al-tanmīat al-waṭanīa. https://www.psa.gov.qa/ar/nds1/pages/default.aspx.
Kabalan, Marwan. “Actors, Structures and Qatari Foreign Policy.” AlMuntaqa 2, no. 2 (October/November 2019): 61–82.
Kamrava, Mehran. “Iran-Qatar Relations.” in Security and Bilateral Issues between Iran and its Arab Neighbours, edited by Anoushiravan Ehteshami, Neil Quilliam, and Gawdat Bahgat, 167-178. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017.
Khatib, Lina. “Qatar’s foreign policy: The limits of pragmatism.” International Affairs 89, no. 2 (2013):417-431.
“Kuwait, US hold ‘fruitful talks’ on resolving Gulf crisis.” Arab News, December 4, 2020. https://arab.news/baqch.
MacDougall, David. “FIFA and Qatar 'rattled' as European football World Cup boycott gathers pace.” Euronews, November 10, 2022. https://www.euronews.com/2022/11/10/fifa-and-qatar-rattled-as-european-world-cup-boycott-gathers-pace.
Matthew Wallin, U.S. Military Bases and Facilities in the Middle East. American Security Project, 2018. http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep19811.
Megan O'Toole, “What is Oman’s stance on the Qatar-Gulf crisis?”, AlJazeera, December 1, 2017. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/12/1/what-is-omans-stance-on-the-qatar-gulf-crisis.
“Mā ḫafī ʾa‘ẓam, Qaṭar 96… al-ğuz’ al- ṯānī .”AlJazeera Arabic, March 12, 2018, video, 48:38. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3bS2VRkPHcs.
Mohammadzadeh, Babak .“Status and Foreign Policy Change in Small States: Qatar’s Emergence in Perspective.” The International Spectator 52, no. 2 (2017):19-36.
Morton, Michael Quentin. Masters of the Pearl: A History of Qatar. London: Reaktion Books, 2020.
Qatar Charity, https://www.qcharity.org/en/qa/about.
“Qatar says state news agency hacked after report cites emir criticising US.” BBC, May 24, 2017. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-40026822.
“Qatar’s emir suggests sending troops to Syria.” AlJazeera, January 14, 2012. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2012/1/14/qatars-emir-suggests-sending-troops-to-syria.
Roberts, David .“Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood: Pragmatism or Preference?”. Middle East Policy 21, no. 3 (Fall 2014): 84-94.
Ru’yat Qaṭar al-waṭanīa 2030. https://www.psa.gov.qa/ar/qnv1/Documents/QNV2030_Arabic_v2.pdf.
Shideler, Kyle, Sarah Froehlke, and Susan Fischer. “Qatar Charity.” The Role of Select Non-Governmental Organizations in Doha’s Support for Terrorism. Center for Security Policy, 2017. http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep05081.6.
“Turkey, Iran and Qatar sign new trade-transport agreement.” Middle East Monitor, November 27, 2017. https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20171127-turkey-iran-and-qatar-sign-new-trade-transport-agreement/
Ulrichsen, Kristian Coates. Qatar and the Arab Spring. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014.
Ulrichsen, Kristian Coates. Qatar and the Arab Spring: Policy Drivers and Regional Implications. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep12982.
Ulrichsen, Kristian Coates. Qatar and the Gulf crisis. New York, Oxford University Press, 2020.
“US, GCC Summit communique condemns Iran’s regional interferences.” AlArabiya, May 22, 2017.https://english.alarabiya.net/News/gulf/2017/05/22/US-GCC-Summit-communique-condemns-Iran-s-regional-interferences.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Analytical Bulletin
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
