Critical Infrastructure Objects as a Target for Terrorist Attacks: Pipelines Case
Keywords:
terrorism, pipelines, critical infrastructure, gas, oil, hydrocarbon infrastructureAbstract
Since the French Revolution, the term terror/terrorism has recovered for a wide range of international actors and more than 2 centuries there is no common definition for the terrorism. Among the problems discussed in this article are the issues of defining the terrorism and critical infrastructure, correlation of terrorism and pipelines’ construction and the attractiveness and the motives for targeting hydrocarbon infrastructures by terrorist organizations.
References
Ожегов С. «Словарь Русского языка» https://slovarozhegova.ru/word.php?wordid=31697 (дата обращения: 8.08.2019)
Закон Республики Армения «О борьбе с терроризмом» принят 2005г., http://www.parliament.am/legislation.php?sel=show&ID=2282&lang=rus, (дата обращения: 15.09.2019)
Шадрин Д., Логика: конспект лекций /Правила определения/ https://www.e-reading.life/book.php?book=99495, (дата обращения: 15.09.2019)
The United States Code, Title 22, Chapter 38, Section 2656f(d)(2) “Premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by sub-national groups or clandestine agents.”
Global Terrorism Database https://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/about/ (дата обращения: 14.11.2019)
Чернядьева Н. «О понятии «международный терроризм» в отечественной правовой науке», 2011 https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/o-ponyatii-mezhdunarodnyy-terrorizm-v-otechestvennoy-pravovoy-nauke, (вход: 5.10.2019)
Директива Совета ЕС 2008/114/ЕС, статья 2 https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv%3AOJ.L_.2008.345.01.0075.01.ENG,
The protection of critical infrastructures against terrorist attacks: Compendium of good practices https://www.un.org/sc/ctc/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Compendium_of_Good_Practices_Compressed.pdf, (дата обращения: 10.10.2019)
The protection of critical infrastructures against terrorist attacks: Compendium of good practices https://www.un.org/sc/ctc/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Compendium_of_Good_Practices_Compressed.pdf (дата обращения: 10.10.2019)
Energy balance sheet; supply, transformation and consumption https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/en/dataset/83140eng/table?ts=1576567617161 (дата обращения: 7.11.2019)
Газпрому везет: Нидерланды сворачивают добычу газа Deutsche Welle, https://is.gd/oSbOBx (дата обращения: 19.10.2019)
Иванов С. Международный терроризм: причины его возникновения и меры противодействия 2014 http://factmil.com/publ/voenizirovannye_formirovanija/teroristicheskie_organizacii/mezhdunarodnyj_terrorizm_prichiny_ego_vozniknovenija_i_mery_protivodejstvija_2014/124-1-0-304 (дата обращения: 25.10.2019)
Global Terrorism Index 2019 Measuring The Impact Of Terrorism http://visionofhumanity.org/app/uploads/2019/11/GTI-2019web.pdf (дата обращения: 2.12.2019)
Ackerman G. Assessing Terrorist Motivations for Attacking Critical Infrastructure 2006 https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/cf85/70d0c66a5e853c440734ab03d10824200537.pdf?_ga=2.104346818.353463146.1576653219-2014614650.1576653219 (дата обращения: 9.10.2019)
Таблица создана на основе данных из Energy Web Atlas https://www.energywebatlas.com/, представлены данные на январь 2019 года
National Strategy for Counterterrorism of the United States of America, 2018 https://www.dni.gov/files/NCTC/documents/news_documents/NSCT.pdf (вход: 9.09.2019)
Тевикян А. «Современные проблемы обеспечения безопасности критически важных объектов» http://www.noravank.am/upload/pdf /Ashot_Tevikyan_21_VEK_01_2018.pdf (дата обращения: 23.09.2019)
The world factbook. PIPELINES Central Intelligence agency, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/383.html (дата обращения: 22.11.2019)
Canada-United States Action Plan for Critical Infrastructure 2010 https://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/ip_canada_us_action_plan.pdf (дата обращения: 22.11.2019)
Counter-Terrorism 1 Introduction to International Terrorism https://www.unodc.org/documents/e4j/18-04932_CT_Mod_01_ebook_FINALpdf.pdf (дата обращения: 10.11.2019)
Two Major Saudi Oil Installations Hit by Drone Strike, and U.S. Blames Iran, New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/14/world/middleeast/saudi-arabia-refineries-drone-attack.html (дата обращения: 10.11.2019)
Regional Security Concepts in the “Three See System”. Hovhannisyan D. Analitical Bulletin. Center for Civilization and Cultural Studies. Yerevan State University, N11, pp.4-17. Yerevan, 2017
